Three types of diagnostic tests are known as Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), Amniocentesis, and Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS).
Chorionic villus sampling can be performed in the first trimester of the mother’s pregnancy. This involves taking a tiny sample of the placenta. Although this test can be performed early it has risks of miscarriage.
Amniocentesis is a test that can be performed between fifteen to twenty weeks of pregnancy. This involves removing a small amount of amniotic fluid through the abdomen. The cells are analyzed for the existence of chromosomal abnormalities. Amniocentesis carries a small risk of complications such as have a premature baby or miscarriage.
Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling can usually be performed after twenty weeks. This obtains a small sample of blood from the umbilical cord. This has risks similar to the other diagnostic tests.
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